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  PEACOCKS IN INDIAN MYTHOLOGY   

Lord Krishna

Numerous stories connect peacock feathers and Lord Krishna. According to one, his chief consort Radha, bestowed it upon him as a token of remembrance. Alternatively, some hold that it was a gesture of devotion from the Peacock god to Lord Krishna. 

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The Hindu epic, the Ramayana, tells of the story of the exiled king Lord Rama who, along with his brothers and his wife Sita, spent fourteen years in the forest at his father's command. One day, Lord Rama and Sita were wandering through the dense jungle, when they became lost and thirsty. Sita, was parched and  asked Rama if they could find some water. Rama prayed to nature for help. Suddenly, a beautiful peacock appeared before them. The peacock spoke, "I know where there is water, but it's a bit tricky to find. Follow me, and I'll guide you."

As they traveled deeper into the jungle, the peacock began to pluck feathers from its vibrant tail and drop them along the way to mark the path. Despite knowing that losing its feathers might lead to its death, the peacock continued to drop its feathers and guide the couple.

Finally, Rama and Sita reached a clear, sparkling spring, where they quenched their thirst and rested. To their dismay, they found the peacock lying on the ground, its feathers scattered around it, lifeless. Touched by the peacock's sacrifice, Rama vowed, to honor the bird's memory in the next life. True to his word, in his next incarnation as Lord Krishna, Rama wore a majestic peacock feather in his hair as a symbol of gratitude and remembrance for the peacock's sacrifice.

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The peacock feather represents human diversity and reminds us that we are all beautiful in the great beholder's eye.

Etymology & Emperors

The Old Testament, it is said, reports that King Solomon of Israel (950 C.E.) received a gift of peacocks from the ancient port of Muziris in the southern Indian coastal State of Kerala. The Sanskrit, later Pali, and then modern Hindi term for the animal is mayur. It is debated that the nomenclature of the Maurya Empire, whose first emperor Chandragupta Maurya was raised and influenced by peacock farmers, derived from this etymology. The seal of the 2nd Kushan emperor Kanishka, was a peacock, and even the Gupta dynasty that followed, depicted the bird on their coins.

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The Greek word for peacock was taos and was related to the Persian "tavus" (as in Takht-i-Tâvus for the famed Peacock Throne). The Ancient Hebrew word tuki (plural tukkiyim) has been said to have been derived from the Tamil tokei but sometimes traced to the Egyptian tekh.

 

In modern Hebrew the word for peacock is "tavas". In Sanskrit, the peacock is known as Mayura and is associated with the killing of snakes.

How the Peacock Got Its Bright Plumage

A story in the Uttara Ramayana elaborates on how the Sri Lankan King Ravana abducted Sita. In the fight to get her back, the Hindu god Indra, took shelter under the wing of a peacock, to protect himself from Ravana's arrows. Indra later blessed the peacock with a "thousand eyes" and made it fearless against serpents. 

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In Other Religions

In Buddhism, the peacock is a symbol of wisdom. The bodhisattva's path begins with delusions, ignorance, desire, lastly hatred, which all can be translated into moha, raga, dvesa. The opening of the colorful tail of the peacock can be compared to the enlightenment of the bodhisattva. Essentially the peacock is a symbol of the change from the path of desire to the path of the soul's liberation.

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Mughal Emperor Shah Jehan (1592-1666) who built the Taj Mahal, also commissioned the Peacock Throne that was encrusted with jewels, and located in the Diwan-i-Khaas (Hall of Private Audiences) in the Red Fort. The top of the throne had two peacocks facing each other, like the birds protecting the gates to Islamic Paradise.

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The original throne was looted by the Persians in 1739. Its replacement disappeared, as well, during or soon after the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

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National Bird and 
Cultural Motif

The Peacock motif is a symbol of immortality since, according to ancient mythology, it was believed that the peacock's flesh does not decay after it dies.

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In the 19th c. the Mayuri veena (on the left) was a popular stringed instrument in royal courts.

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Since 1963, the peacock has been India's national bird.

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